118 Chemical Elements List - Chemical Element Names

All 118 chemical elements list, as included in the periodic table of chemical elements, with chemical symbol and classification. Also includes key facts and history of all chemical elements.

Chemical Elements	Sym	Classification	State @ 20°C/68F	Atomic No:	Atomic Weight u	Melting Point °C	Boiling Point °C	Discoverer/s	Year discovered
Hydrogen	H	Non-metal	gas	1	1.008	-259.1	-252.9	Henry Cavendish	1766
Helium	He	Noble gas	gas	2	4.0026	-272.2	-268.9	Ramsay, Crookes, Cleve, Langlet	1895
Lithium	Li	Alkali metal	solid	3	6.941	180.5	1,342	Johan August Arfwedson	1817
Beryllium	Be	Alkali earth metal	solid	4	9.012	1,278	2,970	Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin	1797
Boron	B	Metalloid	solid	5	10.811	2,300	2,550	Humphry Davy and J. Gay-Lussac	1808
Carbon	C	Non-metal	solid	6	12.011	3,550	4,827	Unknown.	unknown
Nitrogen	N	Non-metal	gas	7	14.007	-209,9	-195.8	Daniel Rutherford and Carl Wilhelm Scheele	1771/72
Oxygen	O	Non-metal	gas	8	15.999	-218.4	-182.9	Carl W Scheele and Joseph Priestley	1774
Fluorine	F	Halogen	gas	9	18.998	-219.6	-188.1	Henri Moissan	1886
Neon	Ne	Noble gas	gas	10	20.1797	-248.7	-246.1	William Ramsay & Morris Travers	1898
Sodium	Na	Alkali metal	solid	11	22.990	97.8	892	Humphry Davy	1807
Magnesium	Mg	Alkali earth metal	solid	12	24.305	648.8	1,107	Humphry Davy	1808
Aluminum (US) Aluminium (UK)	Al	Other metal	solid	13	26.982	660.5	2,467	Hans Christian Ørsted	1825
Silicon	Si	Metalloid	solid	14	28.086	1,410	2,355	Jöns Jakob Berzelius	1824
Phosphorus	P	Non-metal	solid	15	30.974	44	280	Hennig Brand	1669
Sulfur (US) Sulphur (UK/international)	S	Non-metal	solid	16	32.066	113	444.7	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Chlorine	Cl	Halogen	gas	17	35.453	-101	-34.6	Carl Wilhelm Scheele	1774
Argon	Ar	Noble gas	gas	18	39.948	-189.4	-185.9	William Ramsay	1894
Potassium	K	Alkali metal	solid	19	39.098	63.7	774	Humphry Davy	1807
Calcium	Ca	Alkali earth metal	solid	20	40.078	839	1,487	Humphry Davy	1808
Scandium	Sc	Transition metal	solid	21	44.956	1,539	2,832	Lars Fredrik Nilson	1879
Titanium	Ti	Transition metal	solid	22	47.867	1,660	3,260	William Gregor & Martin Klaproth	1791
Vanadium	V	Transition metal	solid	23	50.942	1,890	3,380	Andrés Manuel del Rio	1801
Chrome	Cr	Transition metal	solid	24	51.996	1,857	2,482	Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin	1797
Manganese	Mn	Transition metal	solid	25	54.90	1.244	2,097	Johann Gottlieb Gahn	1774
Iron (Ferrum)	Fe	Transition metal	solid	26	55.845	1.535	2,750	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Cobalt	Co	Transition metal	solid	27	58.93	1.495	2,870	Georg Brandt	1735
Nickel	Ni	Transition metal	solid	28	58.643	1.453	2,732	Axel Frederic Cronstedt	1751
Copper (Cuprum)	Cu	Transition metal	solid	29	63.546	1.083,5	2,595	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Zinc	Zn	Transition metal	solid	30	65.38	419.6	907	Marggraf	1746
Gallium	Ga	Other metal	solid	31	69.723	29.8	2,403	Lecoq de Boisbaudran	1875
Germanium	Ge	Metalloid	solid	32	72.631	937.4	2,830	Clemens Winkler	1886
Arsenic	As	Metalloid	solid	33	74.922	81	613	Albertus Magnus	1250
Selenium	Se	Non-metal	solid	34	78.972	217	685	Jöns Jakob Berzelius	1817
Bromine	Br	Halogen	liquid	35	79.904	-7.3	58,8	Antoine-Jérôme Balard	1826
Krypton	Kr	Noble gas	gas	36	84.798	-156.6	-152.3	William Ramsay and Morris Travers	1898
Rubidium	Rb	Alkali metal	solid	37	85.468	39	688	Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff	1861
Strontium	Sr	Alkali earth metal	solid	38	87.62	769	1,384	Humphry Davy	1808
Yttrium	Y	Transition metal	solid	39	88.906	1,523	3,337	Johan Gadolin	1794
Zirconium	Zr	Transition metal	solid	40	91.224	1,852	4,377	Martin Heinrich Klaproth	1789
Niobium	Nb	Transition metal	solid	41	92.906	2,468	4,927	Charles Hatchett	1801
Molybdenum	Mo	Transition metal	solid	42	95.95	2,617	5,560	Carl Wilhelm Scheele	1778
Technetium	Tc	Transition metal	solid	43	98*	2,172	5,030	Emilio Segrè & Carlo Perrier	1937
Ruthenium	Ru	Transition metal	solid	44	101.07	2,310	3,900	Karl Ernst Claus	1844
Rhodium	Rh	Transition metal	solid	45	102.906	1,966	3,727	William Hyde Wollaston	1803
Palladium	Pd	Transition metal	solid	46	106.42	1,552	3,140	William Hyde Wollaston	1803
Silver (Argentum)	Ag	Transition metal	solid	47	107.868	961.9	2,212	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Cadmium	Cd	Transition metal	solid	48	112.411	321	765	Friedr. Stromeyer & Carl Hermann	1817
Indium	In	Other metal	solid	49	114.818	156.2	2,080	Ferdinand Reich & Theo Richter	1863
Tin (Stannum)	Sn	Other metal	solid	50	118.711	232	2,270	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Antimony (Stibium)	Sb	Metalloid	solid	51	121.760	630.7	1,750	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Tellurium	Te	Metalloid	solid	52	127.60	449.6	990	Franz J. Müller von Reichenstein	1782
Iodine	I	Halogen	solid	53	126.904	113.5	184.4	Bernard Courtois	1811
Xenon	Xe	Noble gas	gas	54	131.294	-111.9	-107	William Ramsay and Morris Travers	1898
Cesium	Cs	Alkali metal	solid	55	132.905	28.4	690	Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen	1860
Barium	Ba	Alkali earth metal	solid	56	137.328	725	1,640	Humphry Davy	1808
Lanthanum	La	Transition metal	solid	57	138.905	920	3,454	Carl Gustav Mosander	1839
Cerium	Ce	Lanthanide	solid	58	140.116	798	3,257	von Hisinger, Berzelius, Klaproth	1803
Praseodymium	Pr	Lanthanide	solid	59	140.908	931	3,212	Carl Auer von Welsbach	1885
Neodymium	Nd	Lanthanide	solid	60	144.242	1,010	3,127	Carl Auer von Welsbach	1895
Promethium	Pm	Lanthanide	solid	61	[145]*	1,080	2,730	Marinsky, Glendenin, Coryell	1945
Samarium	Sm	Lanthanide	solid	62	150.36	1,072	1,778	Lecoq de Boisbaudran	1879
Europium	Eu	Lanthanide	solid	63	151.964	822	1,597	Eugène-Anatole Demarcay	1901
Gadolinium	Gd	Lanthanide	solid	64	157.25	1,311	3,233	Jean Charles G. de Marignac	1880
Terbium	Tb	Lanthanide	solid	65	158.925	1,360	3,041	Carl Gustav Mosander	1843
Dysprosium	Dy	Lanthanide	solid	66	162.500	1,409	2,335	Lecoq de Boisbaudran	1886
Holmium	Ho	Lanthanide	solid	67	164.930	1,470	2,720	Marc Delafontaine and Jacques Soret	1878
Erbium	Er	Lanthanide	solid	68	167.259	1,522	2,510	Carl Gustav Mosander	1843
Thulium	Tm	Lanthanide	solid	69	168.934	1,545	1,727	Per Teodor Cleve	1879
Ytterbium	Yb	Lanthanide	solid	70	173.045	824	1,193	Jean Charles G. de Marignac	1878
Lutetium	Lu	Lanthanide	solid	71	174.967	1,656	3,315	von Welsbach, James & Urbain	1907
Hafnium	Hf	Transition metal	solid	72	178.49	2,150	5,400	Dirk Coster & George de Hevesy	1923
Tantalum	Ta	Transition metal	solid	73	180.948	2,996	5,425	Anders Gustaf Ekeberg	1802
Tungsten	W	Transition metal	solid	74	183.84	3,407	5,927	Fausto & Juan de Elhuyar	1783
Rhenium	Re	Transition metal	solid	75	186.207	3,180	5,627	Noddack, Tacke, Berg	1925
Osmium	Os	Transition metal	solid	76	190.23	3,045	5,027	Smithson Tennant	1803
Iridium	Ir	Transition metal	solid	77	192.217	2,410	4,130	Smithson Tennant	1803
Platinum	Pt	Transition metal	solid	78	195.085	1,772	3,827	Julius Caesar Scaliger	1557
Gold (Aurum)	Au	Transition metal	solid	79	196.967	1,064.4	2,940	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Mercury (Hydrargyrum)	Hg	Transition metal	liquid	80	200.592	-38.9	356.6	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Thallium	Tl	Other metal	solid	81	204.383	303.6	1,457	William Crookes	1861
Lead (Plumbum)	Pb	Other metal	solid	82	207.20	327.5	1,740	Unknown (prehistoric)	unknown
Bismuth	Bi	Other metal	solid	83	208.98	271.4	1,560	Georgius Agricola	1540
Polonium	Po	Other metal	solid	84	[209]*	254	962	Marie and Pierre Curie	1898
Astatine	At	Halogen	solid	85	[210]*	302	337	Corson, MacKenzie, Emilio Segrè	1940
Radon	Rn	Noble gas	gas	86	[222]*	-71	-61.85	Friedrich Ernst Dorn	1900
Francium	Fr	Alkali metal	solid	87	[223]*	27	677	Marguerite Perey	1939
Radium	Ra	Alkali earth metal	solid	88	[226]*	700	1,140	Marie and Pierre Curie	1898
Actinium	Ac	Transition metal	solid	89	[227]*	1,047	3,197	André-Louis Debierne	1899
Thorium	Th	Actinide	solid	90	232.038	1,750	4,787	Jöns Jakob Berzelius	1829
Protactinium	Pa	Actinide	solid	91	231.036	1,554	4,030	Fajans, Göring, Hahn, Meitner	1917
Uranium	U	Actinide	solid	92	238.029	1,132.4	3,818	Martin Heinrich Klaproth	1789
Neptunium	Np	Actinide	solid	93	[237]*	640	3,902	Edwin McMillan and Philip Abelson	1940
Plutonium	Pu	Actinide	solid	94	[244]*	641	3,327	Seaborg, Kennedy, McMillan, Wahl	1940
Americium	Am	Actinide	solid	95	[243]*	994	2,607	Glenn T. Seaborg	1944
Curium	Cm	Actinide	solid	96	[247]*	1,340	3,110	Seaborg, James, Morgan, Ghiorso	1944
Berkelium	Bk	Actinide	solid	97	[247]*	986	unknown	Glenn T. Seaborg	1949
Californium	Cf	Actinide	solid	98	[251]*	900	unknown	Thompson, Street, Ghiorso, Seaborg	1950
Einsteinium	Es	Actinide	solid	99	[252]*	860	unknown	Glenn T. Seaborg	1952
Fermium	Fm	Actinide	unknown	100	[257]*	unknown	unknown	Glenn T. Seaborg	1952
Mendelevium	Md	Actinide	unknown	101	[258]*	unknown	unknown	Seaborg, Ghiorso, Harvey, Choppin	1955
Nobelium	No	Actinide	unknown	102	[259]*	unknown	unknown	Seaborg, Ghiorso, Sikkeland, Walton	1958
Lawrencium	Lr	Actinide	unknown	103	[262]*	unknown	unknown	Ghiorso, Sikkeland, Larsh, Latimer	1961
Rutherfordium	Rf	Transition metal	unknown	104	[261]*	unknown	unknown	Georgi Flerow or Ghiorso (1964/1969)	1964 or 1969
Dubnium	Db	Transition metal	solid	105	[262]*	unknown	unknown	Georgi Flerow or Ghiorso	1967 or 1970
Seaborgium	Sg	Transition metal	solid	106	[266]*	unknown	unknown	Georgi Flerow & Juri Organessian	1974
Bohrium	Bh	Transition metal	solid	107	[264]*	unknown	unknown	Juri Zolakowitsch Oganessian	1976
Hassium	Hs	Transition metal	solid	108	[269]*	unknown	unknown	GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research	1984
Meitnerium	Mt	Transition metal†	solid	109	[268]*	unknown	unknown	GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research	1982
Darmstadtium	Ds	Transition metal†	solid	110	[269]*	unknown	unknown	GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research	1994
Roentgenium	Rg	Transition metal†	solid	111	[272]*	unknown	unknown	GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research	1994
Copernicium	Cn	Transition metal	solid	112	[277]*	unknown	unknown	GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research	1996
Nihonium	Nh	Other metal†	unknown	113	[286]*	unknown	unknown	JINR (Joint Institute Nuclear Research)	2004
Flerovium	Fl	Other metal†	unknown	114	[289]*	unknown	unknown	JINR (Joint Institute Nuclear Research)	1999
Moscovium	Mc	Other metal†	unknown	115	[289]*	unknown	unknown	JINR (Joint Institute Nuclear Research)	2006
Livermorium	Lv	Other metal†	solid (predicted)	116	[293]*	unknown	unknown	JINR (Joint Institute Nuclear Research)	2000
Tennessine	Ts	Halogen†	unknown	117	[294]*	unknown	unknown	JINR (Joint Institute Nuclear Research)	2010
Oganesson	Og	Noble gas†	unknown	118	[294]*	unknown	unknown	JINR (Joint Institute Nuclear Research)	2006

Chemical Elements List Table Key

• Chemical Elements: The name of some chemical elements differs by locality. Variations are indicated in the table. Other chemical elements names (e.g. 104 to 109) are disputed by the ACS (American Chemical Society) and the IUPAC (International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry).
• Symbol (Sym): Abbreviated name for each element consisting of a capital letter followed by one or two lower case letters. Typically derived from its Latin name.
• Classification: The period table groups of which there are many variations.
  • † Predicted – still under research or disputed.
• State @ 20°C: Gas, liquid or solid.
• Atomic number (Atomic No): Set to the number of protons in the nucleus for each atom.
• Atomic weight u: Weight in unified atomic mass unit (u or Da)): Set to the approximate total of the number of protons and the number of neutrons.
  • [*] Chemical Elements which don’t have any stable nuclides are included in square brackets. The number indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element apart from Bismuth, Protactinium, Thorium and Uranium which have characteristic terrestrial isotopic compositions so their standard atomic weights are used.
• Melting Point °C: Temperature, in degrees Celsius, at which chemical elements changes from a solid to a liquid or vice-versa.
• Boiling Point °C: Temperature, in degrees Celsius, at which a chemical element changes from a liquid to a gas or vice-versa.
• Discoverer/s: The first person or team of scientists to identify the chemical element. Some chemical elements were discovered by earlier civilizations so the discoverer is unknown.
• Year discovered: Year chemical elements were first isolated and identified.

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Chemical Elements Groups & Classifications Explained
You will find chemical elements grouped, spelt and colored differently in various versions of the periodic table but the underlying principle remains the same i.e. chemical elements that share similar properties are organized in columns. The classifications are as follows:
• Alkali Metals: These metals do not occur freely in nature because they react violently with water. Their usual oxidation state is +1. The 6 akali metals are Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium and Francium.
• Alkaline Earth Metals: These reactive metals do not occur freely in nature and their usual oxidation state is +2. The 6 alkaline earth metals are Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium and Radium.
• Transition Metals: There are 38 elements in total including Iron, Cobalt and Nickel which are the only known elements which produce magnetic fields. The valence electrons (or the electrons they use to combine with other elements) in transition metals are present in more than one shell and for this reason they often exhibit several common oxidation states.
• Other Metals (aka basic metals, poor metals): These elements are all solid and opaque. All their valence electrons in their outer shell so, unlike transition elements, they don’t exhibit variable oxidation states. The 7 basic metals are: Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, Tin, Thallium, Lead and Bismuth.
• Rare Earth Elements (aka inner transition metals): 30 rare earth elements divided into the Lanthanide and Actinide series, each containing 15 elements. They are all highly reactive with Halogens.
  • Lanthanides are silvery white metals which all have similar properties to Lanthanum, the first element in the series.
  • Actinides are named after Actinium, the first element in the series. Apart from Uranium and Thorium they are trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made, and they are created in nuclear reactors, including Plutonium, which is used in nuclear weapons.
• Metalloids (aka semi-metals): This group of 7 elements makes up the diagonal border between metals and non-metals and they each have properties from both groups. Metals are generally ductile, malleable and conduct heat and electricity. Under certain conditions Germanium and Silicon can be conductive or non-conductive and it’s this property which makes them so useful in electronic circuitry. The other 5 metalloids are Boron, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium and Polonium.
• Non-Metals: Generally poor conductors, brittle and non-reflective and, at room temperature, can exist as gases (e.g Oxygen) and solids. The 7 non-metals are Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur and Selenium.
• Halogens (means salt-former): There are 5 Halogens which, at room temperature, exist in all three states of matter. Iodine and Astatine as solids, Bromine as a liquid and Fluorine and Chlorine as gases. All Halogens have an oxidation number of -1.
• Noble Gases: All noble gases have an oxidation number of 0 which makes them stable and generally inert. The noble gases are Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon and possibly Oganesson.