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Demographics:
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Natural Resources
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This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.
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Country |
Natural Resources
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Afghanistan: |
natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones
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Albania: |
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel, hydropower
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Algeria: |
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc
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American Samoa: |
pumice, pumicite
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Andorra: |
hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
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Angola: |
petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium
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Anguilla: |
salt, fish, lobster
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Antarctica: |
iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small uncommercial quantities; none presently exploited; krill, finfish, and crab have been taken by commercial fisheries
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Antigua and Barbuda: |
NEGL; pleasant climate fosters tourism
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Arctic Ocean: |
sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
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Argentina: |
fertile plains of the Pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium
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Armenia: |
small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina
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Aruba: |
NEGL; white sandy beaches
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Ashmore and Cartier Islands: |
fish
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Atlantic Ocean: |
oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones
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Australia: |
bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum
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Austria: |
iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower
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Azerbaijan: |
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina
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Bahamas, The: |
salt, aragonite, timber, arable land
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Bahrain: |
oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
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Baker Island: |
guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
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Bangladesh: |
natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
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Barbados: |
petroleum, fish, natural gas
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Bassas da India: |
none
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Belarus: |
forests, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas
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Belgium: |
coal, natural gas
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Belize: |
arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower
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Benin: |
small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber
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Bermuda: |
limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
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Bhutan: |
timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide
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Bolivia: |
tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower
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Bosnia and Herzegovina: |
coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, forests, copper, chromium, lead, zinc, hydropower
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Botswana: |
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver
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Bouvet Island: |
none
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Brazil: |
bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber
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British Indian Ocean Territory: |
coconuts, fish, sugarcane
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British Virgin Islands: |
NEGL
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Brunei: |
petroleum, natural gas, timber
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Bulgaria: |
bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land
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Burkina Faso: |
manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, antimony, copper, nickel, bauxite, lead, phosphates, zinc, silver
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Burma: |
petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower
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Burundi: |
nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower
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Cambodia: |
timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
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Cameroon: |
petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
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Canada: |
iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
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Cape Verde: |
salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish
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Cayman Islands: |
fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism
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Central African Republic: |
diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil, hydropower
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Chad: |
petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)
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Chile: |
copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum, hydropower
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China: |
coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)
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Christmas Island: |
phosphate
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Clipperton Island: |
fish
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Cocos (Keeling) Islands: |
fish
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Colombia: |
petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower
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Comoros: |
NEGL
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Congo, Democratic Republic of the: |
cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower, timber
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Congo, Republic of the: |
petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas, hydropower
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Cook Islands: |
NEGL
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Coral Sea Islands: |
NEGL
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Costa Rica: |
hydropower
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Cote d'Ivoire: |
petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, hydropower
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Croatia: |
oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, hydropower
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Cuba: |
cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land
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Cyprus: |
copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment
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Czech Republic: |
hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
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Denmark: |
petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand
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Djibouti: |
geothermal areas
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Dominica: |
timber, hydropower, arable land
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Dominican Republic: |
nickel, bauxite, gold, silver
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Ecuador: |
petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower
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Egypt: |
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc
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El Salvador: |
hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land
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Equatorial Guinea: |
oil, petroleum, timber, small unexploited deposits of gold, manganese, uranium
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Eritrea: |
gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish
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Estonia: |
shale oil (kukersite), peat, phosphorite, amber, cambrian blue clay, limestone, dolomite, arable land
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Ethiopia: |
small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
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Europa Island: |
NEGL
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Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): |
fish, wildlife
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Faroe Islands: |
fish, whales, hydropower
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Fiji: |
timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower
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Finland: |
timber, copper, zinc, iron ore, silver
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France: |
coal, iron ore, bauxite, zinc, potash, timber, fish
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French Guiana: |
bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish
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French Polynesia: |
timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower
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French Southern and Antarctic Lands: |
fish, crayfish
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Gabon: |
petroleum, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower
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Gambia, The: |
fish
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Gaza Strip: |
arable land, natural gas
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Georgia: |
forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
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Germany: |
iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, nickel, arable land
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Ghana: |
gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower
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Gibraltar: |
NEGL
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Glorioso Islands: |
guano, coconuts
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Greece: |
bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble, hydropower potential
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Greenland: |
zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, gold, platinum, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas
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Grenada: |
timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors
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Guadeloupe: |
cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism
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Guam: |
fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan)
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Guatemala: |
petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle, hydropower
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Guernsey: |
cropland
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Guinea: |
bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish
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Guinea-Bissau: |
fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, unexploited deposits of petroleum
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Guyana: |
bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish
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Haiti: |
bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
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Heard Island and McDonald Islands: |
none
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Holy See (Vatican City): |
none
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Honduras: |
timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower
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Hong Kong: |
outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
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Howland Island: |
guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
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Hungary: |
bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
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Iceland: |
fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite
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India: |
coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land
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Indian Ocean: |
oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
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Indonesia: |
petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver
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Iran: |
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
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Iraq: |
petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
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Ireland: |
zinc, lead, natural gas, barite, copper, gypsum, limestone, dolomite, peat, silver
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Israel: |
timber, potash, copper ore, natural gas, phosphate rock, magnesium bromide, clays, sand, oil
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Italy: |
mercury, potash, marble, sulfur, natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, coal, arable land
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Jamaica: |
bauxite, gypsum, limestone
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Jan Mayen: |
none
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Japan: |
negligible mineral resources, fish
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Jarvis Island: |
guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
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Jersey: |
arable land
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Johnston Atoll: |
guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
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Jordan: |
phosphates, potash, shale oil
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Juan de Nova Island: |
guano deposits and other fertilizers
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Kazakhstan: |
major deposits of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium
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Kenya: |
gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower
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Kingman Reef: |
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
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Kiribati: |
phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)
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Korea, North: |
coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower
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Korea, South: |
coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential
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Kuwait: |
petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas
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Kyrgyzstan: |
abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
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Laos: |
timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones
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Latvia: |
minimal; amber, peat, limestone, dolomite, hydropower, arable land
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Lebanon: |
limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region, arable land
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Lesotho: |
water, agricultural and grazing land, some diamonds and other minerals
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Liberia: |
iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold, hydropower
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Libya: |
petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
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Liechtenstein: |
hydroelectric potential, arable land
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Lithuania: |
peat, arable land
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Luxembourg: |
iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land
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Macau: |
NEGL
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Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: |
chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber, arable land
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Madagascar: |
graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower
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Malawi: |
limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite
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Malaysia: |
tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite
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Maldives: |
fish
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Mali: |
gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower
note:
bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
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Malta: |
limestone, salt, arable land
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Man, Isle of: |
none
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Marshall Islands: |
phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals
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Martinique: |
coastal scenery and beaches, cultivable land
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Mauritania: |
iron ore, gypsum, fish, copper, phosphate, diamonds, gold
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Mauritius: |
arable land, fish
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Mayotte: |
NEGL
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Mexico: |
petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber
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Micronesia, Federated States of: |
forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals
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Midway Islands: |
wildlife, terrestrial and aquatic
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Moldova: |
lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land
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Monaco: |
none
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Mongolia: |
oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron, phosphate
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Montserrat: |
NEGL
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Morocco: |
phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt
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Mozambique: |
coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite
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Namibia: |
diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, vanadium, natural gas, hydropower, fish
note:
suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore
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Nauru: |
phosphates
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Navassa Island: |
guano
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Nepal: |
quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore
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Netherlands: |
natural gas, petroleum, arable land
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Netherlands Antilles: |
phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)
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New Caledonia: |
nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
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New Zealand: |
natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
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Nicaragua: |
gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish
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Niger: |
uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
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Nigeria: |
natural gas, petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, arable land
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Niue: |
fish, arable land
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Norfolk Island: |
fish
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Northern Mariana Islands: |
arable land, fish
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Norway: |
petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower
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Oman: |
petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas
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Pacific Ocean: |
oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish
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Pakistan: |
land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
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Palau: |
forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals
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Palmyra Atoll: |
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
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Panama: |
copper, mahogany forests, shrimp, hydropower
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Papua New Guinea: |
gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil, fisheries
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Paracel Islands: |
none
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Paraguay: |
hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone
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Peru: |
copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower
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Philippines: |
timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper
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Pitcairn Islands: |
miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish
note:
manganese, iron, copper, gold, silver, and zinc have been discovered offshore
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Poland: |
coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, arable land
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Portugal: |
fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydro power
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Puerto Rico: |
some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil
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Qatar: |
petroleum, natural gas, fish
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Reunion: |
fish, arable land, hydropower
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Romania: |
petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
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Russia: |
wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber
note:
formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources
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Rwanda: |
gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), methane, hydropower, arable land
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Saint Helena: |
fish
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Saint Kitts and Nevis: |
arable land
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Saint Lucia: |
forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential
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Saint Pierre and Miquelon: |
fish, deepwater ports
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: |
hydropower, cropland
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Samoa: |
hardwood forests, fish, hydropower
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San Marino: |
building stone
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Sao Tome and Principe: |
fish, hydropower
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Saudi Arabia: |
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper
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Senegal: |
fish, phosphates, iron ore
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Seychelles: |
fish, copra, cinnamon trees
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Sierra Leone: |
diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
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Singapore: |
fish, deepwater ports
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Slovakia: |
brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
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Slovenia: |
lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver, hydropower
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Solomon Islands: |
fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel
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Somalia: |
uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt
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South Africa: |
gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas
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South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: |
fish
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Southern Ocean: |
probable large and possible giant oil and gas fields on the continental margin, manganese nodules, possible placer deposits, sand and gravel, fresh water as icebergs, squid, whales, and seals - none exploited; krill, fishes
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Spain: |
coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower, arable land
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Spratly Islands: |
fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
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Sri Lanka: |
limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower
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Sudan: |
petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower
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Suriname: |
timber, hydropower, fish, kaolin, shrimp, bauxite, gold, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, iron ore
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Svalbard: |
coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish
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Swaziland: |
asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
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Sweden: |
zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower
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Switzerland: |
hydropower potential, timber, salt
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Syria: |
petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower
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Tajikistan: |
hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold
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Tanzania: |
hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
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Thailand: |
tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
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Togo: |
phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
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Tokelau: |
NEGL
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Tonga: |
fish, fertile soil
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Trinidad and Tobago: |
petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
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Tromelin Island: |
fish
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Tunisia: |
petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt
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Turkey: |
antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulfur, iron ore, arable land, hydropower
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Turkmenistan: |
petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt
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Turks and Caicos Islands: |
spiny lobster, conch
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Tuvalu: |
fish
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Uganda: |
copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
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Ukraine: |
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land
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United Arab Emirates: |
petroleum, natural gas
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United Kingdom: |
coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land
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United States: |
coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber
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Uruguay: |
arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
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Uzbekistan: |
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
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Vanuatu: |
manganese, hardwood forests, fish
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Venezuela: |
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds
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Vietnam: |
phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower
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Virgin Islands: |
sun, sand, sea, surf
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Wake Island: |
none
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Wallis and Futuna: |
NEGL
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West Bank: |
arable land
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Western Sahara: |
phosphates, iron ore
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World: |
the rapid using up of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality (especially in Eastern Europe, the former USSR, and China) pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address
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Yemen: |
petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west
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Yugoslavia: |
oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome, hydropower, arable land
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Zambia: |
copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
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Zimbabwe: |
coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals
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Taiwan: |
small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos
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